Cosmological 21 cm Signal Detected at z ~ 1 by CHIME

This paper reports the first detection of the cosmological 21 cm intensity mapping signal in auto-correlation at z ~ 1 by the Canadian Hydrogen Intensity Mapping Experiment (CHIME). The detection, achieved with a significance of 12.5 sigma, represents a significant milestone in the field of cosmology. The analysis incorporates several improvements to the CHIME data processing pipeline, including novel radio frequency interference (RFI) detection and masking algorithms, achromatic beamforming techniques, and foreground filtering. The authors establish the robustness and reliability of their detection through a comprehensive suite of validation tests. The detection of the 21 cm signal in two independent sub-bands further strengthens the results. This work demonstrates CHIME's capability to probe large-scale structure through 21 cm intensity mapping without reliance on external galaxy surveys, opening new avenues for studying the early universe. Further analysis and interpretation of the 21 cm signal will provide valuable insights into the distribution of hydrogen and the processes of galaxy formation and evolution.

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