CSST Faces Challenges Resolving Stellar Populations in Palomar 5

This research investigates the feasibility of using the Chinese Space Station Survey Telescope (CSST) to detect multiple stellar populations (MPs) within the tidal streams of globular clusters, specifically Palomar 5. Through mock observations, the study reveals that CSST, despite its ultraviolet sensitivity and large field of view, faces challenges in resolving MPs in stellar streams at distances comparable to or greater than Palomar 5 (≳ 20 kpc) with single, short exposures. The primary limitation stems from the absence of precise proper motions needed to disentangle stream members from field star contamination. The study estimates that successful resolution would necessitate the target stream to be closer than 8 kpc under a 150 s exposure. Furthermore, the research identifies the CSST $g$-band as optimal for member identification in the cluster's core but notes its failure in the stream due to field star contamination. To overcome these limitations, the authors propose future CSST observations employing multiple epochs across several bands to acquire deep photometry and proper motion data for a definitive MP analysis. This work underscores the importance of careful planning and multi-faceted observational strategies when utilizing new telescopes for complex astrophysical studies.

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