DEFROST Algorithm Disentangles Faraday Rotation for Extragalactic Magnetic Field Studies

This paper introduces a new algorithm, DEFROST, designed to disentangle the Faraday effect and study extragalactic magnetic fields. The algorithm separates the Faraday effect caused by our Galaxy from extragalactic contributions, taking into account observing noise. It requires a catalog of Rotation Measures (RM) complemented by auxiliary information such as redshift. The authors tested the algorithm with synthetic data to assess its performance and identify the range of Galactic magnetic field power spectrum slopes that allows for proper disentangling of Galactic and extragalactic terms. They also tested the algorithm with synthetic catalogs based on available data, considering different observing setups, noise levels, and cuts in Galactic latitude. The results demonstrate that robust results are obtained with sources at high Galactic latitudes, enabling inference of extragalactic parameters within reasonable confidence intervals. This algorithm represents a valuable tool for studying the large-scale structure of the Universe and the origin and evolution of cosmological magnetic fields.

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