GEODES Identifies Long-Period Exoplanet Companions via Gaia Data

The Gaia Exoplanet Orbits, Demographics, and Evolution Survey (GEODES) leverages data from the Gaia mission to identify and characterize exoplanets and stellar companions. The survey focuses on systems exhibiting tangential and radial accelerations, combining Hipparcos, Hipparcos-Gaia, Gaia DR2, and Gaia DR3 astrometry with adaptive optics imaging and precision radial velocities to constrain companion masses and orbits. The study showcases three systems: HIP 18512, HIP 45839, and HIP 81991, each representing a distinct outcome of the survey strategy. HIP 18512 hosts a low-mass stellar companion at 166 AU, while HIP 45839's companion is estimated to be 45.2 Jupiter masses with an orbital period of 70-127 years. HIP 81991's companion is estimated to be 9.5 Jupiter masses with an orbital period of 14.4-17.7 years. The GEODES project is crucial for vetting planet candidates from Gaia data, enabling studies of giant planet eccentricities, masses, and occurrence rates across a broad range of stellar host properties. This work highlights the importance of multi-faceted observational campaigns in exoplanet research, combining astrometry, radial velocity measurements, and high-resolution imaging to accurately characterize planetary systems. Future Gaia data releases will undoubtedly expand the scope of GEODES, leading to a more comprehensive understanding of exoplanet populations and their formation mechanisms.

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