LISA Gravitational Wave Data Improves Cosmological Measurements

This research presents the first joint gravitational-wave cosmological inference using data from LISA, observing both extreme mass-ratio inspirals (EMRIs) at lower redshifts and massive black hole binaries (MBHBs) at higher redshifts. The study demonstrates that combining these standard sirens reduces cosmological degeneracies, leading to more competitive constraints on key cosmological parameters such as the Hubble constant (H0) and the dark-energy equation-of-state parameter (w0). This highlights LISA's potential for late-time cosmology across a broad redshift range, offering systematics distinct from traditional electromagnetic distance indicators. The ability to observe gravitational waves from both EMRIs and MBHBs provides a unique opportunity to probe the expansion history of the universe and to test the standard cosmological model. By combining these different classes of gravitational wave sources, researchers can break degeneracies in the parameter space and obtain more precise measurements of cosmological parameters. This research underscores the importance of multi-messenger astronomy and the potential of gravitational wave observations to revolutionize our understanding of the universe.

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