Super-Neptune Planet Found Orbiting Cool Star in Retrograde Motion

This paper reports the discovery of TOI-1710 b, a tidally detached super-Neptune orbiting a cool star in a strongly misaligned retrograde orbit. The planet's obliquity was measured using high-precision radial velocities obtained from HARPS-N + GIANO-B. Spectral analysis was also performed to evaluate atmospheric photoevaporation. The results indicate a true obliquity of 149 degrees, placing TOI-1710 b among the most misaligned systems known. The strong misalignment suggests a high-eccentricity migration origin for the planet, challenging previous findings that claimed a minor role of HEM in this period-radius-density domain. The authors propose that the misalignment is likely due to planet-planet scattering followed by planet-planet Kozai-Lidov oscillations and tidal circularisation. This discovery provides valuable insights into the processes that shape exoplanetary system architectures. Further investigation is needed to confirm the proposed formation scenario and to explore the potential for atmospheric escape from TOI-1710 b.

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