Starlink Direct-to-Cell Satellites Exhibit Unintended Radio Emissions

This research reveals that Starlink's Direct-to-Cell (DTC) satellites emit unintended electromagnetic radiation (UEMR) in the 72-234 MHz range. The study, based on reanalysis of 112,534 detections from 1,806 Starlink satellites, highlights that DTC satellites exhibit significantly higher flux density compared to Ku-only satellites. A particularly intriguing finding is the reversed solar illumination dependence, where DTC satellites emit more strongly during eclipse than in sunlight, suggesting an active on-board source rather than a passive thermal effect. The identification of a specific frequency bin (~24 kHz near 230.627 MHz) contributing to the excess emission provides a target for further investigation. These findings have implications for radio astronomy, as UEMR from satellite constellations can interfere with sensitive observations. Understanding the mechanisms behind these emissions and developing mitigation strategies are crucial for ensuring the coexistence of satellite services and scientific research. The study also underscores the importance of thorough electromagnetic characterization of new satellite technologies before deployment.

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