Tianwen-1 Mars Probe Data Probes Solar Coronal Activity

The study utilizes the downlink signal from the Tianwen-1 Mars probe during its superior conjunction in October 2021 to probe solar coronal activity. As the signal passed within 4.53 solar radii of the Sun, it was significantly perturbed by the solar wind. By analyzing the Doppler frequency scintillation spectrum, researchers derived a characteristic frequency scintillation parameter. Statistical analysis showed that this parameter increased as the signal path approached the Sun, with notable anomalies observed on specific dates. Comparisons with data from SOHO and SDO revealed strong spatio-temporal correlations between these scintillation anomalies and coronal activity, including coronal streamers, high-speed solar wind, and coronal mass ejections (CMEs). Quantitative analysis confirmed a distinct temporal correlation and delay between frequency scintillation and solar wind speed changes, validating the feasibility of spatially localizing solar activity. This method offers a unique perspective on coronal activity by leveraging existing spacecraft communication signals. The findings demonstrate the potential for using deep-space communication links as opportunistic sensors for space weather monitoring. Further research could explore the integration of this technique with other solar observation methods to improve the accuracy and reliability of space weather forecasts. This research highlights the innovative use of existing resources for scientific discovery, emphasizing the value of interdisciplinary collaboration in space exploration.

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