Pyramid Interferometers Offer Direct Access to Gravitational Wave Chirality

The paper proposes a novel approach to detecting cosmological gravitational wave chirality using a new class of co-located 3D interferometer designs called Pyramid interferometers. The key innovation lies in the non-coplanar configuration of these interferometers, which geometrically isolates chirality, overcoming the limitations of planar detector networks that are insensitive to isotropic circular polarization. This design offers a unique terrestrial pathway to test parity violation and fundamental symmetry breaking in the early Universe. The coplanar correlation channel is blind to circular polarization, while the co-located non-coplanar channel responds only in the presence of nonzero net helicity. This allows Pyramid interferometers to provide a direct probe of cosmological gravitational-wave chirality. The development of Pyramid interferometers represents a significant advancement in gravitational wave detection technology, potentially enabling the exploration of new physics beyond the Standard Model. However, realizing this potential will require overcoming significant engineering challenges in building and operating such complex 3D instruments.

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